The impact of cardiovascular diseases on neurocognitive performance: A review

Resumen

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the most prevalent conditions worldwide. During the last decades an increased number of studies analyzing the impact of CVDs on neurocognitive performance have emerged. The purpose of this article is to review the current literature detailing the impact of CVDs on neurocognitive performance. Our review is focused on the underlying neuropsychological aspect of this condition and addresses the structural and functional changes in the brain as described by various studies. We also focus on recent data showing how treating cardiovascular health can affect and individual’s neurocognitive performance. The findings of this review suggest that patients with CVDs who have no history of stroke or dementia are at significant risk of experiencing cognitive decline. Furthermore, the majority of studies state that certain neurocognitive domains, such as attention and executive functioning, are the most affected by CVDs. We suggest integrating mental health professionals such as neuropsychologist and clinical psychologist into the CVDs treatment team to promote adherence and decrease maladaptive behaviors that can result in diminished neurocognitive performance in people with these conditions.